风险水平调整下的存款保险定价机制研究——基于Merton与违约预期损失定价模型

存款保险定价模型应建立在所面临的违约风险水平基础上,现行的Merton模型和违约预期损失定价模型忽略了银行资产负债结构、监管外部性、非系统性风险相关性和银行规模等风险因素的影响,因而采取改变风险敞口额、加强监管协调提高监管宽容参数、统一国家范围承保和建立二元保费定价机制等措施可实现存款保险价格与违约风险水平相一致的目标,促进存款保险机制的合理健康发展,为我国今后建立存款保险定价机制提供一定的参考。关键词：Merton模型;RV分析方法;监管外部性;系统性风险;风险分散     

Fungicide resistance and misinformation: A game theoretic approach

Fungicide resistance is a serious problem for agriculture today. This analysis provides additional insight into the strategic behavior of farmers when their fungicide use generates a negative intertemporal production externality in the form of fungicide resistance. We find that when farmers encounter this type of externality, they choose fungicide levels that exacerbate fungicide resistance. We examine a compensation mechanism in which a farmer reduces fungicide use in exchange for a transfer. This mechanism reduces fungicide use; however, misinformation about the severity of fungicide resistance generates distortions. We find that one-sided misinformation could lead a farmer to choose socially optimal fungicide levels, which makes the compensation mechanism less necessary. In addition, we show that when both farmers are misinformed, the mechanism could lead farmers to choose fungicide levels below the socially optimal level depending on their pessimistic beliefs about the severity of fungicide resistance.     

The Effects of Catholic Schooling on Civic Participation

The promotion of adult civic engagement is one of the primary goals of public schools. And the putatively negative effects of private schooling on civic engagement provide one of the most fundamental motivations for publicly provided schooling. In this study, I examine the comparative effects of Catholic and public high schools on adult voter participation and volunteering in the United States. I find that students who attended Catholic high schools are actually more likely to vote, though not volunteer, as adults. These estimated effects are robust to conditioning on a rich set of individual, family and community traits. I also present two-stage least squares estimates, which provide suggestive evidence that these results are not due to selection biases.JEL Code: I21, D72, H52     

Mobile Termination: What is the “Right” Charge?*

The regulation of fixed-to-mobile (F2M) termination charges has become increasingly important in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand under the Calling Party Pays principle. In the absence of any regulation, mobile operators have an incentive to set F2M termination charges “too high”. We show that the setting of the optimal F2M termination charges depends on the significance of network externalities, the intensity of competition in the mobile sector, and the distribution of customer preferences. We also discuss the merits of possible remedies which are not very intrusive. Tommaso Valletti has advised the European Commission and the UK regulator (OFCOM) on mobile termination and Frontier Economics has acted as advisor to a number of mobile operators on the same issue. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone. We thank Carlo Cambini, Yulia Kossykh, participants to the 15th Biennial International Telecommunications Society Conference, the 3rd International Conference on Applied Infrastructure Research in Berlin, for their comments. We also thank the editor Michael Crew and two anonymous referees for many suggestions that have greatly improved the paper.     

Time preference and international trade

We first consider a closed model, where households' time discount depends on externality in consumption. We can prove that there is a unique steady state, which is a saddle point. Then we extend the model to a two‐country world, and derive the condition on the effects of consumption externality under which there is a unique free trade steady state with saddle‐point stability.     

双边市场、不完全信息与二级价格歧视

本文研究了双边市场二级价格歧视问题。本文构建了包括广告商、消费者、垄断平台在内的两阶段博弈模型，研究了在最优与次优情况下平台的定价机制，分析了二级价格歧视对平台利润、社会福利等的影响。研究表明：（1）“顶部无扭曲”或“底部无扭曲”并不严格成立；（2）平台对观众提供的节目质量、广告插播量均可能出现类型逆转的情况；（3）二级价格歧视会增加社会总福利；（4）“会员制”是平台可能的占优定价机制之一。     

绿色营销的外部性分析及对策研究

只有了解我国企业开展绿色营销过程中存在的"市场失灵"问题,并运用经济学的理论对绿色营销存在的外部性进行分析,才能掌握绿色生产和绿色消费的正外部性,及建立开展绿色营销过程中绿色产品与非绿色产品市场配置模型.最后,在外部性消除的经济原理基础上,正确认识消除绿色营销正外部性的政策措施.     

FDI外部性与国内就业主渠道

外商直接投资是影响东道国就业的重要因素,FDI的进入不仅直接提高对劳动力的需求,还会通过总需求扩张等渠道产生外部性,影响国内就业。本文运用一个寡头模型研究了利用外商直接投资对东道国影响的不同渠道,并利用中国的经验数据进行了分析。结果表明,外商直接投资对总需求的刺激是影响中国就业的主要渠道,外商直接投资拉动中国总需求的作用越大,就越能增加中国国内就业。     

Corrective Taxes under Oligopoly with Inter-Firm Externalities

Pollution externalities between polluters should be taken into account in the design of corrective taxes. When the externalities are substantial and/or the number of polluters is large, the effluent levies on these firms do not necessarily result in a deadweight loss. Consequently, the second-best tax exceeds the marginal social cost of pollution. A more general rule is that the tax rate should be greater than the marginal social cost of pollution if and only if a marginal increase in the tax rate results in opposite effects on the changes of equilibrium emission level and output.     

我国农村环境问题的经济分析及解决途径

本文分析了我国农村存在的环境问题,从经济学角度分析了农村环境问题产生的原因,并提出了农村环境问题的治理措施与途径:消除其公共物品性和外部性。